Side EffectsĪ function is known to cause a side-effect if it modifies a state that exists outside the immediate function scope. Popular examples of declarative languages are database query languages such as SQL, markup languages like HTML and CSS, and in functional and logic programming languages.
This is usually a natural consequence of not needing to specify explicit steps to solve a problem. Declarative languages often use a style that results in few side-effects, if any. More formally, the declarative paradigm focuses on expressing logic without using control flows, i.e., if/else and loop statements. This contrasts with the imperative paradigm, which centers itself on the programmer writing explicit instructions to achieve a desired result. The declarative systems above exhibit certain aspects of functional programming.The Declarative Paradigm is centered on the idea that code should describe what the desired outcome of a program should be, rather than how to obtain the outcome.
The opposite of imperative.Įxamples of programming languages which support the declarative programming paradigm:įunctional programming emphasizes the application of functions without side effects and without mutable state. In the declarative programming paradigm, you describe a result or a goal, and you get it via a " black box". There are several sub-paradigms of the declarative programming paradigm, such as the functional or the logic programming paradigms. It typically refers to languages that exhibit a hierarchy of types that inherit both methods and state from base types to derived types, but also includes the unusual prototype-based JavaScript.Įxamples of programming languages which support the OO paradigm: In the imperative programming paradigm, you describe the algorithm step-by-step, at various degrees of abstraction.Įxamples of programming languages which support the procedural paradigm:
There are several sub-paradigms of the imperative programming paradigm, such as the procedural or the object-oriented programming paradigms.
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